What are the four primary areas of AMD?

• A. Early Warning; Situational Awareness; Airspace Control; Integration across sensors, shooters, and C2.
• B. Attack Operations; C4I (Control); Active Defense; Passive Defense.
• C. Mass; Mix; Mobility; Agility.
• D. Balanced Fires; Overlapping Fires; Weighted Coverage; Mutual Support.

Answer: (B)

In AMD doctrine, the defense is structured around four areas that together cover both defeating threats and protecting forces: Attack Operations, which aim to neutralize or degrade enemy air and missile capabilities before they reach the battlespace; C4I (Control), which provides the integrated flow of information and coordination so sensors, shooters, and command nodes act in unison; Active Defense, which includes the systems and tactics that actively detect, track, and engage threats as they appear; and Passive Defense, which implements measures to reduce vulnerability and sustain operations despite attacks (dispersal, hardening, redundancy, protective planning). This combination defines the standard AMD framework, so the described option aligns best with the four primary areas.

Other choices describe important aspects of defense or fire planning, but they don’t fit the four-pillar AMD structure. For example, elements like warning, situational awareness, airspace control, and sensor-shooter integration are critical components within the AMD system, but they map to processes and capabilities rather than forming the four primary pillars. Similarly, the other options focus on force characteristics or firing concepts rather than the AMD organizational framework.